CARYOLOGIA Vol. 54, no. 4, 2001
CARYOLOGIA Vol. 54, no. 4: 285-297, 2001
DANIELA ROMAGNO
Department of Animal Biology and Genetics, Lab. of Anthropology, University of Florence, Via del Proconsolo 12 - 50122
Florence, Italy. e-mail: daniela.romagno@unifi.it
CARYOLOGIA Vol. 54, no. 4: 299-306, 2001
Genome comparison of the Matricaria chamomilla
L. varieties by the chromosome C- and
TATIANA E. SAMATADZE, OLGA V. MURAVENKO, KONSTANTIN V. POPOV and ALEXANDER V. ZELENIN*
Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov st., 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
Abstract - The comparison of chromosomes stained by the modified C- and
OR-banding techniques in karyotypes of three varieties of Matricaria chamomilla
L. was carried out by image analysis. Nine pairs of the C- and OR-banded chromosomes
of camomile were classified according to their banding patterns, sizes
and centromeric indexes in karyotypes of varieties Azulena, Sibirskaya bizabololnaya
and Podmoskovnaya. The correspondence between two banding
patterns in homologous chromosomes of M. chamomilla L. was revealed and their
generalized C- and OR- Mch genome idiograms were developed. The chromosome
intra- and intervariety C-band polymorphism was detected. The autotetraploid
Podmoskovnaya variety karyotype occupies an intermediate position
between the karyotypes of the diploid varieties. The observed differentiation of
two identical Mch genomes in Podmoskovnaya karyotype is rather regular and
may be a consequence of their interaction in the course of polyploidization. The
OR- chromosome banding patterns in karyotypes of all varieties were similar and
no OR-band polymorphism was detected by quantitative analysis. The absence
of chromosome rearrangements and similarity of C- and OR- chromosome banding
patterns in the karyotypes of studied camomile varieties indicate that their
chromosomes belong to one common genome in the species M. chamomilla L.
CARYOLOGIA Vol. 54, no. 4: 307-311, 2001
Karyological study on four endemic Ebenus L. taxa
H. AKSOY, F. ÜNAL* and Z. AYTAÇ
Gazi Üniversitesi, Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Biyoloji Bölümü, 06500, Teknikokullar-Ankara, Turkey
Abstract – This work examines the karyology of four taxa of Ebenus L.:
E. plumosa Boiss. & Bal. var. plumosa, E. plumosa var. speciosa Hub.-Mor.,
E. macrophylla Jaub. & Spach and E. barbigera Boiss. All species are diploid with
2n=14 chromosomes. Chromosome lengths in these four Ebenus species are
between 4.30 and 2.67 μm, 4.91 and 3.09 μm, 4.22 and 2.15 μm, 2.78 and 1.58
μm, respectively. The karyotype of E. plumosa var. plumosa consists of
1m+1sm+5m, of E. plumosa var. speciosa consists of 2m+1sm+4m. The karyotypes
of the other two species consist of 7m. Satellites are on the long arms of
Chromosome 4 in E. plumosa var. plumosa and E. macrophylla and on the short
arms in E. plumosa var. speciosa. In E. barbigera satellites are on the long arms of
Chromosome 3. There is a 2.44 μm long chromosome fragment on the short arm
on one of the homologous 6th Chromosome in E. plumosa var. speciosa.
CARYOLOGIA Vol. 54, no. 4: 313-317, 2001
Modal karyotype of continuous cell line A2058
(human metastatic melanoma) and its evolution
BALIK DZHAMBAZOV1, *, DAFINKA ASPARUHOVA2, LYUBKA KOLEVA2 and NIKOLA POPOV2
1 Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Section for Medical Inflammation Research, Lund University, I 11/BMC, S-221
84 Lund, Sweden
2 Cell Biology Laboratory, Developmental Biology Department, University of Plovdiv, 24 Tsar Assen Street, BG-4000 Plovdiv,
Bulgaria
Abstract – A subject of the current study was the karyotype of continuous cell line
A2058, which is characterized by considerable karyotype heterogeneity. By means
of cytogenetic analysis it was established that at the earlier stages of cultivation, the
cells of A2058 have a threemodal number of chromosomes – 43, 44, 48. After a
longer period of cultivation, the modal number of chromosomes is stabilized
around the diploid - 43. The present study established the chromosomes with typical
morphology and high frequency of accurrence, that could be considered as
markers for the cell line A2058. The cell line karyotype evolution shows a tendency
towards reduction in the number of cells with a small number of chromosomes,
decrease of variability in the number of chromosomes, increase in the number of
cells with a near-diploid modal number of chromosomes, stability of the polyploid
cells and marker chromosomes, and a gradual elimination of the Y-chromosome.
Key words: A2058, Cell Culture, Karyotype, Modal Number of Chromosomes.
CARYOLOGIA Vol. 54, no. 4: 319-327, 2001
Analysis of gamma radiation-induced chromosome
variations in maize (Zea mays L.)
LYDERSON FACIO VICCINI* and CARLOS ROBERTO DE CARVALHO
Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário, 36036-330, Juiz de Fora - MG, Brazil.
Abstract – Chromosome variation is an important tool in genetic analysis. The
objective of this study is to standardise an induction strategy of chromosome variations
in maize inbreed line L-869. Irradiated pollen has been used in fertilizations.
Resulting seeds have been germinated for quantifying the number of
abnormal anaphase-telophase stages from root tips. Cells with a delayed separation
of chromosomes, with simple, double and three bridges, and with chromosome
fragments have been observed. The number of abnormalities increased as
the dosage increased but chromosome variation type had been the same regardless
of the dosages used. The involvement of heterochromatin in bridges occurrence
has also been discussed.
CARYOLOGIA Vol. 54, no. 4: 329-337, 2001
DANIELA CRISTINA DE TONI, FABIANA DE OLIVEIRA HERÉDIA and VERA LÚCIA S. VALENTE*
Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Caixa Postal 15053.
91501- 970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Abstract – In the present study, we investigated chromosomal polymorphism for
paracentric inversions found in Drosophila polymorpha populations common in
five fly communities (one continental and four insular) collected in Atlantic Forest
remnants in Santa Catarina, Brazil, during a one-year sampling. Our analyses
showed that the more polymorphic the populations, the greater the abundance of
flies. The insular populations were more polymorphic than the continental one,
probably because the greater environmental heterogeneity found in the islands
provided more niches for fly colonisation and was more suitable for supporting a
community. Stochastic effects, however, need to be taken into account to understand
the low polymorphism found at the continental site, since the D. polymorpha
sample collected there was small. We also present here the occurrence of six
previously undescribed paracentric chromosomal inversions in heterozygosis,
increasing to 7 the number of variants identified in the D. polymorpha polytene
chromosomes.
CARYOLOGIA Vol. 54, no. 4: 339-347, 2001
P.J. REBAGLIATI 1, *, L.M. MOLA1, 2 and A.G. PAPESCHI 1, 2
1 Laboratorio de Citogenética y Evolución, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales,
Universidad de Buenos Aires. Intendente Güiraldes y Costanera Norte, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
2 Member of the Carrera del Investigador Científico (CONICET).
Abstract – The Pentatomidae are one of the largest families of Heteroptera with
approximately 250 species cytogenetically analyzed. They possess holokinetic
chromosomes, a modal diploid number of 14 (range 6-27) and a sex chromosome
determining system XY/XX. Male karyotype and meiosis of Proxys albopunctulatus,
Dichelops furcatus, Piezodorus guildinii, Loxa deducta (Pentatominae);
Dinocoris prolineatus and Macropygium reticulare (Discocephalinae) from Argentina
are analyzed. All these species are 2n= 14 (12 + XY), except D. furcatus with
2n= 12 (10 + XY) as consequence of an autosomal fusion. Meiosis follows the
typical pattern of the order Heteroptera (pre-reduction of autosomes, postreduccion
of sex chromosomes, and ring arrangement of autosomes at both
metaphase plates with sex chromosomes inside it). These species show a great
constancy in the diploid number, but some differences in the karyotype and
meiotic behaviour are encountered (relative size of sex chromosomes, characteristics
of the diffuse stage). In all the species except in M. reticulare, bivalents
with two chiasmata are observed. We suggest that ring bivalents are not so
uncommon as it has been previously supported.
CARYOLOGIA Vol. 54, no. 4: 349-363, 2001
P. MICHAILOVA1, *, J. ILKOVA1, N. PETROVA2 and K. WHITE3
1 Institute of Zoology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1 Tzar Osvoboditel boulv. Sofia 1000, Bulgaria.
2 Institute of Zoology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034, St. Petersburg. Russia.
3 School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT UK.
Abstract – The effect of lead (Pb) nitrate on the structural and functional organization
of the polytene chromosomes of Chironomus riparius larvae was examined.
No specimens with standard polytene chromosomes were found in the
material treated with different concentrations of Pb ions. The polytene chromosomes
of all individuals exposed to Pb showed various somatic chromosome
rearrangements (heterozygous inversions, deletions, duplications and deficiencies),
which were not detected in the studied controls. Deletions in chromosome
G occurred in a high frequency resulting in the formation of so called “pompons”.
The activity of Balbiani rings (BRs) and nucleolar organizer (NOR) significantly
decreased with increasing the concentrations of Pb ions. The number
of BRc/BRb showing little or no activity (-/-) increased following exposure of the
F2 generation to low and high concentrations of Pb ions. Sections of the polytene
chromosomes where somatic aberrations were concentrated are considered as
“weak” sites. It was shown that in these sites were distributed repetitive DNA elements
(Alu and Hinf) that might be activated by stress agents and generated many
chromosome rearrangements. It is evident that lead nitrate has a marked genotoxic
effect on the salivary polytene chromosomes of Chironomus riparius.
CARYOLOGIA Vol. 54, no. 4: 365-369, 2001
Chromosomal localization of 5S and 18S rRNA genes in three Parodon species (Pisces, Parodontidae)
VERA ELISA VICENTE*, CÉLIA MARIA DE JESUS and ORLANDO MOREIRA FILHO
Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, Km 235,
CEP. 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
Abstract – The nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) have often been analyzed in
Parodontidae fish using silver staining. In the genus Parodon, the Ag-NORs are
used as species chromosomal markers, while in the genus Apareiodon they show
a more conserved location. In the present study, the NORs are investigated in
three Parodon species (P. hilarii, Parodon sp. and P. tortuosus) using silver and fluorochrome
staining and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with a PCRobtained
18S probe. In addition, the chromosomal 5S rDNA sites are also analyzed
with a cloned 5S rDNA probe. It was seen a close correspondence between
Ag-NORs, chromomycin positive regions and the 18S rDNA sites in the chromosomes
of the three species. A major and a minor 5S rDNA cluster were also
abserved in these species. While the 18S and major 5S rRNA genes are located
on different chromosome pairs in Parodon sp. and P. hilarii, they are linked in
P. tortuosus, although in opposite regions of the chromosome. Both 18S and 5S
rDNA sites appear as important chromosome markers for Parodon species.
CARYOLOGIA Vol. 54, no. 4: 371-376, 2001
Karyotype analysis of some Paullinieae species (Sapindaceae)
VIVIANA G. SOLÍS NEFFA* and MARÍA S. FERRUCCI
Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias (UNNE) - Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (UNNE - CONICET), Casilla de Correo 209,
3400 Corrientes, Argentina.
Abstract- The karyotypes of four species of South American Paullinieae-Sapindaceae
are analized for the first time: Paullinia coriacea, 2n= 24= 16m + 6sm + 2st;
Serjania cissoides, 2n= 24= 18m + 2sm + 4st ; S. suborbicularis, 2n= 24= 12m +
8sm + 4st and the diploid cytotype of U. ulmacea 2n= 2x= 22= 16m + 6sm. The
significance of the results are discussed in relation to previous information for
these genera and also in regard to the systematics treatment of this tribe.
CARYOLOGIA Vol. 54, no. 4: 377-384, 2001
NEIVA I. PIEROZZI1, *, M. LETÍCIA GALGARO2 and CATALINA R. LOPES2
1 Centro de Genética, Biologia Molecular e Fitoquímica, Instituto Agronômico de Campinas. Av. Barão de Itapura, 1481. Cx.
Postal 28. 13001-970. Campinas, SP, Brasil.
2 Departamento de Genética, IB, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 18603-800. Botucatu, SP, Brasil.
Abstract – Two wild diploid (2n = 20 chromosomes) and self-pollinating Arachis
species, Arachis Pintoi Krapov and W.C.Gregory and A. villosulicarpa Hoehne
were submmited to C-band technique to karyotype analyses. Root tips were
employed in the analyses. Morphometric data chose that chromosome lengths
varied from 3.12 in A. villosulicarpa to 1.45 in A. Pintoi. Karyotype formula
obtained was 10sm to A. Pintoi and 9sm + 1m to A. villosulicarpa. There was a
predominance of pericentromeric C-band in all mitotic metaphasic chromosomes
in both species. Besides C-band values, both species still did not differ in
respect to chromosome absolute and relative lengths, centromeric index, symmetry
index and total karyotype haploid length. C-band and morphometric data
did not show strong or significant differences which could separate these two
species of peanut which belong to evolutive different sections.
CARYOLOGIA Vol. 54, no. 4: 385-391, 2001
Cytogentic relations among the genera of the subfamily Pitheciinae (Cebidae, Primates)
C. MOURA-PENSIN1, *, J.C. PIECZARKA1, C. YOSHIKO NAGAMACHI1, J.A. PEREIRA CARNEIROMUNIZ2,
M. DO CARMO DE OLIVEIRA BRIGIDO2, A. PISSINATTI3, A. MARINHO1 and R.M. DE SOUZA BARROS1
1 Universidade Federal do Pará, Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Citogenética, Av. Perimetral s/n, Guamá
66.075-900, Belém PA, Brazil.
2 Centro Nacional de Primatas, BR 316 Km 7, P.O.Box 44, 67030-000 Ananindeua PA, Brazil.
3 Centro de Primatologia do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Fonseca Teles 121, Sao Cristovao, 20940-200 Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil.
Abstract – A comparative chromosomal analysis was carried out in some specimens
of the three genera of the subfamily Pitheciinae (Pithecia, Chiropotes and
Cacajao) using a classic cytogenetic technique (G-banding). The three genera present
distinct 2n: Pithecia presents 2n=48, Chiropotes 2n=54 and Cacajao 2n=45
in the males and 2n=46 in the females. The difference in 2n found in Cacajao
occurs due to a y-autosome translocation present in the male of Cacajao calvus
rubicundus. Species and subspecies of the same genera show the same 2n, however
the FN are different. G-banding was used to analyze the homeologies
among the taxa studied and, by this mean, we observed the presence of speciesspecific
chromosomes, chromosomes shared between two or among all the taxa
and also chromosomes that are present in all the specimens studied. Data of this
karyotypic analysis suggest that Pithecia is the most primitive among the pithecins,
followed by Chiropotes, and Cacajao is the most recent one, with very rearranged
karyotype.